Nginx Proxy Manager through 2.16.0 fails to restrict the advancedconfig field to administrators, allowing non-admin users with manage permissions to inject arbitrary nginx directives. Attackers can inject malicious nginx configuration such as alias directives to serve arbitrary files or control routing for their assigned hosts.

Nginx Proxy Manager through 2.16.0 lacks rate-limiting on authentication endpoints, allowing unauthenticated attackers to make unlimited password guesses against any account. Attackers can brute-force login credentials via POST /api/tokens and subsequently guess TOTP codes via POST /api/tokens/2fa to gain full session access and administrative control.

Incorrect access control in the "Let's Encrypt" certificate download endpoint of Nginx Proxy Manager v2.14.0 allows authenticated attackers to obtain the TLS private key material via a crafted GET request.

Nginx Proxy Manager versions 2.9.14 through 2.15.1, fixed in commit a5db5ed, contain an authenticated remote code execution vulnerability via OS command injection in the setupCertbotPlugins() function in backend/setup.js, allowing attackers with certificates:manage permission to execute arbitrary commands by storing a malicious payload in the dnsprovidercredentials field. The user-controlled dnsprovidercredentials value is interpolated directly into a shell command executed via childprocess.exec() without sanitization or escaping, causing the injected command to execute upon backend restart.